Drug Metabolism and Disposition Instructions to Authors (2024)

PDF Version of Instructions to Authors
Journal Impact Factor, Acceptance Rate, and Turnaround Times
Information for Authors funded by the NIH and Plan S Funders

[Revised January 13, 2023]

ASPET welcomes manuscripts supported by Plan S-affiliated funders. Please see the information for Plan S-funded manuscripts highlighted below.

Unsure if your work is within the scope of the journal? Please see the Presubmission Inquiry option highlighted below.

Contents

• Scope of Submitted Manuscripts
• ASPET Data Availability: Deposition, Reporting, and Retention PolicyNEWin 2023
• Types of Studies
• Presubmission Inquiry
• Submission of Manuscripts
• Similarity Check
• Preprint Servers
• Open Access OptionNEWin 2023
• Plan S
• Organization of the Manuscript
  1. Title Page
  2. Running Title Page
  3. Abstract
  4. Significance Statement
  5. Visual Abstract
  6. Introduction
  7. Materials and Methods
  8. Results
  9. Discussion
  10. Acknowledgments
  11. Data Availability Statement
  12. Authorship Contributions
  13. References
  14. Footnotes
  15. Figure Legends
  16. Tables
  17. Figures:Image Manipulation;Figure Preparation
  18. Cover Images
  19. Supplemental Data
• Minireviews
• Refutations
• Reagents and Materials
• Data Deposition
  • Nucleic Acid and Protein Sequences
  • Structural Data and Molecular Modeling
  • High-throughput Data
• Western Blotting
• Drugs
• Herbal Medicines/Natural Products
• Receptor Nomenclature
• Page ChargesNEWin 2023
• Revised Manuscripts
• Letters to the Editor
• After Acceptance
• Submission Checklist

Scope of SubmittedManuscripts

Drug Metabolism and Dispositionwill consider for publication manuscripts describing the results of original basic and clinical research that contribute significant and novel information on the metabolism, transport, and disposition of drugs, therapeutic macromolecules, environmental chemicals and in some instances endogenous compounds.

Manuscripts on the following topics are encouraged and should highlight important aspects in their cover letter, abstract, and significance statement:

• Mechanistic aspects of drug metabolism and transport, including structural studies of enzymes and transporters and biochemical studies of nuclear receptors that regulate drug metabolism and transport
• Mechanisms and factors, including genetic, epigenetic, genomic, proteomic, metabolomic, and microbiotic variability, that affect expression and regulation of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters
• Genetic, nutritional, environmental, or hormonal factors that influence the biological fate of xenobiotics in the body
• Impact of xenobiotic metabolism or transport on pharmaco*kinetics, pharmacodynamics, drug efficacy, drug adverse effects, chemical carcinogenesis or other toxicities, and disease susceptibility
• Metabolic studies (e.g., new metabolites, enzymes, pathways, or biomarkers) of important existing drugs (including natural products/herbal drugs, nutritional supplements, and nanocarriers or chemical linkers used in drug formulation), or known toxicants, that address potential clinical or translationalsignificance
• ADME studies of new chemical or biological entities that offer new insights into important existing drugs or toxicants, or address mechanisms underlying xenobiotic disposition and response
• Clinical pharmacology, pharmacogenomics, drug-drug interaction, and mathematical modeling (PBPK, PKPD, IVIVE) studies that emphasize role ofADME
• Novel in vitro and in vivo model systems for ADME studies, such as stem cells, 3-D culture, organs on a chip, transgenic or knockout animal models
• Studies of drug metabolism by microbiome or other non-animal species that offer new insights into biological fate of drugs or other xenobiotics in mammals
• Novel technologies or experimental methods that can be broadly applied to the study of ADME.

ASPET Data Availability: Deposition, Reporting, and Retention Policy

ASPET has instituted a new Data Availability Policy to be in compliance with the new NIH Data Management and Sharing Policy, effective January 25, 2023.

At submission, authors must follow ASPET's policies for reporting and depositing information on all research data including, but not limited to, raw data, processed data, software, algorithms, protocols, and methods described in the manuscript. All original data supporting the findings described in their manuscript must also be made fully available upon request by ASPET. Examples of Data to be shared are provided here.

Authors should, when possible, honor requests for access to any form of published data for appropriate scientific use.The editors reserve the right to request original data from authors at any stage in the review or publication process, including after publication.Failure to provide requested informationmay result in rejection, withdrawal, publication delays, revocation of acceptance, or retraction.

Authors must describe any exceptions or limitations to data sharing, materials, and software in the Data Availability Statement. Whenever possible, the scripts and other artifacts used to generate the analyses presented in the paper should also be publicly archived. A rare exception may be granted at the editor's discretion, for example, if sharing data compromises the privacy of human data, ethical standards, or legal requirements. If authors are granted a rare exception, they are not required to share it and must describe restrictions in their Data Availability Statement.

Data Availability Statement Requirement

A Data Availability Statement provides information about where the research data and other artifacts supporting the results reported in the paper can be found. Links to the repository where the dataset(s) are publicly archived must be included. The Data Availability Statement is required in all articles immediately following the Acknowledgments section. See Data Availability Statement Samples below.

This statement must indicate if all data are contained within the manuscript. In addition, it must be indicated if some data are also located in the Supplemental Data. If any data are to be shared upon request, the individual and their contact information must be indicated. All data must be accounted for with the location for each as part of the statement, including data deposited into public repositories.

• Public Repositories.Authors must provide, as part of the statement, the location and identifying information of all data (i.e., accession numbers or DOIs).Authors must also include citations to datasets obtained from public repositories in the References.
• Software code should be archived in a repositorythat uses a DOI, and the author must provide the DOI in the Data Availability Statement.If DOIs cannot be provided, the author must include placeholder language to indicate that DOIs will be made available after acceptance.
• Maintain Original data for 6 years.Authors should maintain all original data for a minimum of 6 years after the final publication date of their article.
• Learn more about the NIH Data Management and Sharing Policy athttps://oir.nih.gov/sourcebook/intramural-program-oversight/intramural-data-sharing/2023-nih-data-management-sharing-policy.

Data Availability Statement Samples

"The authors declare that all the data supporting the findings of this study are contained within the paper."

"The authors declare that all the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the paper and its Supplemental Data."

"The data that support the findings of this study are openly available in [repository name] at [URL]. All other data presented are contained within the manuscript/supplemental data."

"Atomic coordinates and structure factors for the reported structures have been deposited with the (data bank, repository, etc.) under accession numbers______, _____, and _____. Coordinates are held at _____ and are available upon request to (Name and email address)____.Raw data have been deposited with _____ and are accessible at ____(URL)_____. All other data presented are contained within the manuscript/supplemental data."

"The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author.The data are not publicly available due to privacy or ethical restrictions."

"Data citation reference example:The term [Dataset] will be removed before publication.[dataset] Authors; Year; Dataset title; Data repository or archive; Version (if any); Persistent identifier (e.g., DOI)."

Types of Studies

ASPET journals are interested in studies that support of refute important questions, and that use appropriate methodology, controls, and sample size to provide reasonably precise answers; the results may be either positive or negative.

Presubmission Inquiry

Authors may submit a presubmission inquiry to have an editor review whether their work is in scope for Drug Metabolism and Disposition in advance of a full submission. There is no submission free for a presubmission inquiry. Inquiries must include a cover letter that provides the manuscript type (i.e. research article, minireview, etc.), abstract, significance statement, and full author information.

Submission of Manuscripts

All manuscript submissions must be made through the journal's online manuscript system. If you are using the system for the first time, you must create an account before you can submit a paper. To do so, please click on "New users: Register here."

There is a manuscript submission fee of $75. Payment is made online through the manuscript submission system. Wire transfers are not permitted. The manuscript submission fee is waived for manuscripts where any author is an ASPET member in good standing. To get the fee waiver, the system will ask for the name of the ASPET member during the submission process.

All authors must digitally sign the Copyright Transfer Form or Open Access License using the manuscript submission system. Submission of a manuscript amounts to assurance that it has received proper clearance from the author's company or institution, that it has not been copyrighted, published, or accepted for publication elsewhere, that it is not currently being considered for publication elsewhere, and that it will not be submitted elsewhere while under consideration by Drug Metabolism and Disposition. Indicate all potential conflicts of interest.

During the manuscript submission process, the corresponding author will be asked to:

• list each author’s contributions to the paper (in addition to noting that information in the manuscript itself; see Section 11 below),
• disclose all financial conflicts, and
• certify that the chemical structure of all new compounds cited or discussed in the manuscript is presented or a citation to the published structure is provided.

The corresponding author is responsible for obtaining permission from the copyright owner to reproduce or modify figures and tables and to reproduce text (in whole or in part) from previous publications; permissions must allow electronic reproduction as well as print. Signed permissions forms must be submitted with the manuscript and be identified as to the relevant item in the manuscript (e.g., "permissions for Fig. 1"). In addition, a statement indicating that the material is being reprinted with permission must be included in the relevant figure legend or table footnote of the manuscript. Reprinted text must be enclosed in quotation marks, and the permission statement must be included as running text or indicated parenthetically.

Manuscripts must be in English, typewritten using Arial or Times New Roman fonts only, and double-spaced throughout, including references, tables, and figure legends, with at least 1 inch (25 mm) margins. Authors for whom English is not their native language are encouraged to have their manuscripts reviewed for grammar, vocabulary, syntax, and punctuation. Many English-language editing services can be found through an online search and are available for a fee. ASPET does not endorse or recommend any particular service.

Once manuscript preparation is complete, authors have the option to submit individual text and figure files or to provide a single PDF file containing the text and figures (but supplemental data in a separate file) with a file size of less than 250 MB.

PDF preparation can be done by using Adobe Acrobat, which is available for purchase. Microsoft Word also has a "Save As" feature that will allow you to save a file in PDF format. (PC versions 2007 and higher, Macintosh 2004 and higher.) Figure resolution may be reduced if this option is used. Authors are responsible for ensuring the accuracy and quality of the PDF. If submitting a single PDF:

• File size must be less than 250 MB.
• Text and figures must be in one file with figures at the end of the file.
• File must not contain supplemental data or supplemental legends. These must be uploaded separately.
• File name should be one word with no spaces and a .PDF file extension (e.g., DMD.pdf).
• Remove password protections from the file.
• Do not place restrictions on the extraction of content or modification of the PDF (this will disable reference extraction).

Similarity Check

Similarity Check is a multi-publisher initiative to screen published and submitted content for originality using iThenticate software. ASPET uses SimilarityCheck to detect instances of overlapping and similar text in submitted manuscripts. All manuscripts considered for publication will be screened using SimilarityCheck and iThenticate prior to acceptance. VisitSimilarity Check for more information. Plagiarism will be reported to the authors' institution(s) and funder(s).

Preprint Servers

Manuscripts deposited in a preprint server may be submitted to Drug Metabolism and Disposition. A footnote must be included noting that the manuscript has been deposited in a preprint server.

Open Access Option

NEW in 2023, Authors who are ASPET members in good standing will have the option to publish their work under a Creative Commons Attribution license (CC BY; $3,000) or a Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial license (CC BY-NC; $2,000), for an open access fee with page charges eliminated. Non-members will also have their page charges eliminated with open access fees of $3,500 for CC BY and $2,500 for CC BY-NC.

An Open Access License Agreement should be digitally signed in place of a Copyright Transfer Agreement. The form is provided in the manuscript submission system. Open access articles will not appear online until the open access fee has been paid through the Copyright Clearance Center’s Rightslink for Scientific Communication (RLSC) system. A link to the RLSC is provided from the manuscript submission system. Some funders require authors to utilize an open access option when it is available—know your funder’s requirements prior to submission.

ASPET does not offer refunds of open access fees. If an error related to open access is identified in a published article (e.g., missing Creative Commons license, article not freely accessible, or article not deposited with PubMed Central), ASPET will correct the error.

Plan S

Effective for new submissions after December 31, 2020: For manuscripts supported by funding from national funders, charitable and international funders, and research organizations that formally support Plan S, the authors may make the peer-reviewed, accepted manuscript version of the work immediately available through open access repositories without embargo under a CC BY license. The copyedited and formatted version of the article will be published with an ASPET copyright line in the journal. This arrangement meets the requirements of Plan S funders. Funding from the Plan S-affiliated funder must be cited in the manuscript. Authors must sign an ASPET Copyright Transfer Agreement, which is in the manuscript submission system as a step in the submission process.

Organization of the Manuscript

Manuscripts should contain the following sections in the order listed. Each section should be titled and begin on a new page. All pages, excluding figure pages, should be numbered consecutively.

1. Title Page.This should contain the complete title of the article, the names of all authors, and the primary laboratory of origin. Affiliation should be indicated by author initials only. Financial support for the research should not be on this page but indicated as an unnumbered footnote to the title and included with other footnotes on a separate page following theReferencessection.

2. Running Title Page.The running title page should contain the following:

a) A running title, which conveys the sense of the full title (not to exceed 60 characters, including spaces and punctuation). Commonly used abbreviations (e.g., "ATP", "Ach", etc.) may be used.

b) The name, address, telephone and fax numbers, and e-mail address of the corresponding author. Only one author may be designated as the corresponding author. The e-mail address will also be used as a hypertext link in the paper. It is possible to list up to four additionalco-corresponding authors on the published manuscript. In such cases, the relative roles of the co-corresponding authors need to be explained in the cover letter that accompanies submission. Nonetheless, asingleauthor needs to be designated at the time of submission who will be responsible for all correspondence during review and processing of the manuscript. The additional co-corresponding author(s) should be listed on the manuscript’s running title page only and not entered into the online manuscript submission system.

c) The number of text pages, number of tables, figures, and references, and the number of words in theAbstract, Introduction, andDiscussion(each item should be placed on a separate line).

d) A list of nonstandard abbreviations used in the paper, with abbreviations listed in alphabetical orderA list of standard abbreviations is available here.The use of abbreviations should be minimized to enhance readability and comprehension of the text.

3. Abstract. The abstract should concisely present the hypothesis being tested, general methods, results, and conclusions. Abstracts of more than 250 words will not be accepted. A word is one or more characters bounded by white space. The abstract must be a single paragraph. Reference citations are not allowed in the abstract. IMPORTANT: If your manuscript is accepted, the abstract entered into the online metadata form will appear online EXACTLY the way you enter it during the submission process. Please make sure to code all special characters, including sub- and superscripts, using the codes available from the online submission system. For revisions, update the abstract, if changed from the original.

4. Significance Statement. The significance statement should succinctly explain in 1-2 sentences (80-word maximum) the relevance of the work in a broad context to a broad readership. It should identify the 2-3 most important points of the paper. A significance statement is required for all manuscripts that contain an abstract. The significance statement appears immediately after the abstract.

5. Visual Abstract. In addition to a text abstract, authors may submit a visual or graphic abstract that is intended to catch a reader’s attention and provides a quick visual impression of the gist of the article.The graphic must be 440 pixels wide by 350-365 pixels tall, and saved as RGB. TIFF or PDF file formats are preferred. Visual abstracts submitted in Word or PowerPoint are acceptable but should be avoided if possible. Follow theimage preparation guidelines given below for figures.The visual abstract will appear below the text abstract in the abstract and HTML full-text views. A smaller version of the image, converted from the authors’ file by our compositor, will appear on the table of contents.

A visual abstract should use color, be simple and clear, be entirely original (reprinted images and figures will not be accepted), and should not include an image of any person, living or dead. Trademarked items (e.g., company logos, images, and products) may not be used. The image should be labeled “Visual Abstract,” similar to labeling a figure for identification by reviewers.

6. Introduction.This section must contain a clear statement of the aims of the work or of the hypotheses being tested. A brief account of the relevant background that supports the rationale of the study should also be given. The length of the Introduction should not exceed 750 words.

With respect to introducing the experimental design, either the Introduction or the Materials and Methods section must state which parts of the study (if any) were done in an exploratory manner, and which (if any) present results collected and analyzed according to a preset plan (including sample size). Either approach is acceptable when supported by appropriate analysis methods.

7. Materials and Methods.Authors must affirm that original studies in animals have been carried out in accordance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals as adopted and promulgated by the U.S. National Institutes of Health, and were approved by the Institution’s Animal Care and use Committee or local equivalent. For investigations involving human subjects, authors must affirm that they have been carried out in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Institutional Review Board(s) or equivalent ethics committee. For multisite studies, all IRBs must be in agreement.

This section should contain explicit, detailed, and concise descriptions of all new methods or procedures employed. Authors should review the NIH Principles and Guidelines for Reporting Preclinical Research (www.nih.gov/about/reporting-preclinical-research.htm). Whereas modifications of previously published methods must be described, commonly used procedures require only a citation of the original source. Descriptions of methods must not only be sufficient to enable the reader to judge the accuracy, reproducibility, and reliability of the experiment(s) but also to be able to reproduce the results. The name and location (city and state or country) of commercial suppliers of chemicals, reagents, and equipment must be given. For biological materials, give the source, catalog, and batch numbers (where applicable). For antibodies, also provide references describing their selectivity, if this is not assessed in the current paper, and dilutions used.

Sources of compounds, reagents, and equipment not available commercially should be identified by name and affiliation here or in theAcknowledgmentssection. The chemical identity of novel research compounds must be provided. The structures of novel biologic agents must also be provided, at the level of current knowledge. Report the source of cell lines, and, if known, their authentication and mycoplasma contamination status.

For animal experiments, authors should report the source, species, strain, sex, age, randomization, and husbandry of the animals. Report the strain characteristics of genetically engineered animals including generations of back-crossing, or percentage of contributing strains if genetic analysis was performed.

In vivo studies and studies using primary cultures of cells or tissues from animals or humans must state the sex of the experimental subjects or tissue donors in the Materials and Methods section. The designations "mixed" or "unknown" should be used as appropriate when the sex cannot be determined (e.g., embryonic or early postnatal cultures, cell lines immortalized from a mixed culture, previously completed experiments for which sex was not documented).

Data analysis methods should be explained in enough detail to allow the reader to reproduce the same results. Some of these details may be included as supplemental data.

8. Results.Contained in this section are the experimental data, with no discussion of their biological significance. Results are typically presented in figures or tables, with no duplication of information in the text. If a table or figure includes less than four values, the data should be presented in the text rather than as a separate table or figure. Magnitudes of variables reported should be expressed in numerals. Generally, units are abbreviated with¬out punctuation and with no distinction between singular and plural forms (e.g., 1 mg, 25 mg).

Data should be presented in a quantitative manner where possible, with descriptive statistical measures. Some details regarding data analysis can be included within the Materials and Methods section or the figure legends. All data transformation or normalization methodologies must be clearly described to allow the reader to reproduce the results. Report the full name of each statistical test used and the exact sample size for each group included in the analysis. Report how often each experiment was performed and explain whether the sample size/number of experiments was set before data were obtained or were adapted thereafter. The statistical methodology and appropriate controls for all multiple comparisons between samples must be clearly described.

Authors are strongly encouraged to read Michel MC, Murphy TJ, and Motulsky HJ (2019) New author guidelines for displaying data and reporting data analysis and statistical methods in experimental biology. Drug Metab Dispos 48(1): 64-74, which is freely accessible.

Sufficient information about sample collection must be provided to distinguish between independent biological data points and technical replicates. For animal or human studies, authors are encouraged to use a power analysis to compute an appropriate sample size during study design and should report the results. If any data or subjects were excluded, clearly state the justification and statistical methodology that were used to make this decision and whether the criteria were set in advance.

Emphasize reporting the difference, ratio, percent change, or other measure of effect size, and report these with a 95% confidence interval. When feasible, P values should be expressed as an exact value and not as “P<.” However, summaries of Pvalues with asterisks can be used in figures with multiple comparisons. The total number of comparisons, the statistical method used to correct for multiple comparisons, and the key to map asterisks to P value ranges should be included in the figure legend. Use of the word “significant” to describe the results of statistical analysis is discouraged.

​All data upon which the conclusion of the paper rely must be made available upon request (where ethically appropriate) during consideration of the manuscript and to members of the scientific community thereafter.

9. Discussion.Conclusions drawn from the results presented are included in this section. Whereas speculative discussion is allowed, it must be identified as such and be based on the data presented. TheDiscussionmust be as concise as possible and should not exceed 1,500 words.

10. Acknowledgments.TheAcknowledgmentssection is placed at the end of the text. Personal assistance is noted here. Financial support is acknowledged as an unnumbered footnote to the title. SeeSection 14, Footnotes.

11. Data Availability Statement.A Data Availability Statement provides information about where the research data and other artifacts supporting the results reported in the paper can be found. Links to the repository where the dataset(s) are publicly archived must be found. Links to the repository where the dataset(s) are publicly archived must be included. The Data Availability Statement is required in all articles immediately following the Acknowledgments section. See Data Availability Samples.

12. Authorship Contributions.Each author must be identified with at least one of the following contribution categories only from the list below. List the applicable author contribution categories followed by the last name and 1st initial of each author (use first and middle initials when multiple authors share a last name). For example:

Participated in research design:Sung, Smith, Gupta, and Abel.

Conducted experiments:Sung, Smith, Gupta, J.D. White, S.T. White, and Abel.

Contributed new reagents or analytic tools:Sung, J.D. White, and S.T. White.

Performed data analysis:Sung, Gupta, J.D. White, and Abel.

Wrote or contributed to the writing of the manuscript:Gupta, J.D. White, S.T. White, and Abel.

13. References.References are cited in the text by giving the first author's name (or the first and second if they are the only authors) and the year of publication (e.g., Ruth and Gehrig, 1929; McCarthy, 1952; or Kennedy et al., 1960). In the reference list, the references should be arranged alphabetically by author and not numbered. The names of all authors should be given in the reference list. If reference is made to more than one publication by the same author(s) in the same year, suffixes (a, b, c, etc.) should be added to the year in the text citation and in the references list . Journal titles should be abbreviated as given in theNational Center for Biotechnology Information U.S. National Library of Medicine catalog. References to personal communications, unpublished observations, preprints, and papers submitted for publication are given in parentheses at the appropriate location in the text, not in the list of references. Preprints should be used with discretion. Only papers that have been officially accepted for publication may be cited as "in press"in the reference list. The authors are responsible for the accuracy of the references. The format for journal article with a patent, chapter, book, and publish-ahead-of-print journal article references is as follows:

Fricks IP, Maddileti S, Carter SRL, Lazarowski ER, Nicholas RA, Jacobson KA, and Harden TK (2008) UDP is a competitive antagonist at the human P2Y14 receptor.J Pharmacol Exp Ther325: 588-594.

Kappas A (2002) Development of heme oxygenase inhibitors for the prevention of sever jaundice in infants: studies from laboratory bench to newborn nursery, inHeme Oxygenase in Biology and Medicine(Abraham NG, Alam J, and Nath KA eds) pp 3-17, Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York.

Wilson JH and Hunt T (2008)Molecular Biology of the Cell: A Problems Approach, 5th ed. Garland Science, New York.

Larsen CE, Trip R, and Johnson CR (1995) inventors, Novoste Corporation, assignee. Methods for procedures related to the electrophysiology of the heart. U.S. patent 5,529,067. 1995 Jun 25.

Hanada K, Ikemi Y, Kukita K, Mihara K, and Ogata H (2008) Stereoselective first-pass metabolism of verapamil in the small intestine and liver in rats.Drug Metab Disposdoi: 10.1124/dmd.107.020339.

14. Footnotes. Footnotes should be listed on a separate page and presented in the following order:

a) Unnumbered footnote providing the source of financial support. This information must be in the form of a sentence with the name of the funding agency written out in full. Research funded by the NIH, the Wellcome Trust, and UK Research and Innovationand its agencies MUST include the grant number in square brackets:

This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [Grant XXXX].

Multiple grant numbers should be separated by a comma and a space. Where the research was supported by more than one agency, the different agencies should be separated by a semi-colon with "and" before the final funder:

This work was supported by the Wellcome Trust [Grants XXX, YYY]; the National Institutes of Health National Cancer Institute [Grants ZZZ, AAA]; and UK Research and Innovation[Grant BBB].

Funding from these agencies may not be cited without a grant number.

Articles funded by the NIH will be deposited with PubMed Central ONLY when such funding is cited.

When one or more authors are NIH employees, the following footnote must be included:

This research was supported [in part] by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health [name of institute].

If the research being reported received no outside funding, a footnote should state that:

This work received no external funding.

b) Unnumbered footnote providing thesis information, citation of meeting abstracts where the work was previously presented, etc.

c) The name and full address (with street address or P.O. box and postal code) and e-mail address of person to receive reprint requests.

d) Numbered footnotes, using superscript numbers, beginning with those (if any) to authors' names and listed in order of appearance.

15. Figure Legends. Figures are numbered consecutively with Arabic numerals and listed in order rather than one per page. Legends must provide sufficient explanation for the reader to understand the figure independent of the text. Authors should provide details regarding group sizes, biological and technical replicates, and the statistical analysis used for all experiments shown in each figure in the legends. It is preferred that the title of the figure legend not state the conclusion(s) drawn from the experiment. The full name of any statistical test should be provided in either the figure legend or the Materials and Methods section (e.g., "two-tailed paired t-test"”; "repeated measured one-way ANOVA with Dunnett's multiple comparisons tests"). Legends may appear directly underneath figures during initial PDF submission to facilitate review, but must be provided as a separate section (as part of the text file) upon acceptance.

16. Tables. Each table must be double-spaced and begin on a separate page, each page numbered continuous with the rest of the manuscript. A brief descriptive title is provided at the top of each table. General statements about the table follow the title in paragraph form. Footnotes to tables are referenced by italicized, lower case, superscript letters and defined beneath the table. Acceptable formats for tables are Word and WordPerfect.

17. Figures. There is no charge for using color figures.

Figures should clearly depict the experimental data. Scatter plots are preferred over mean and error. With larger sample sizes, box-and-whisker or violin plots are preferred. When plotting error bars, use confidence intervals to plot precision and standard deviations (SD) to plot variation. Avoid standard error of the mean (SEM) error bars [see Motulsky HJ (2014) Common Misconceptions about Data Analysis and Statistics, J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 351(1): 200-205; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.114.219170]. All data transformations, normalization, and curve fitting methodologies should also be clearly described in the figure legends.

Image Manipulation: Figures in manuscripts considered for acceptance will be examined for evidence of manipulation.While certain modifications of primary data are often needed for clarity and/or brevity, image manipulation for deceptive purposes, to unfairly enhance or eliminate or otherwise obscure data, are grounds for rejection and may constitute misconduct.Inappropriate image manipulation will result in rejection of the manuscript. Suspected misconduct may be reported to the authors’ institution(s) and funder(s).No specific feature within an image may be enhanced, obscured, moved, removed, or introduced. The groupings of images from different parts of the same gel, or from different gels, fields, or exposures must be made explicit by the arrangement of the figure (e.g., using dividing lines or ensuring white space separates lanes from different gels) and in the text of the figure legend. Adjustments of brightness, contrast, or color balance are acceptable if they are applied to every pixel in the image and as long as they do not obscure, eliminate, or misrepresent any information present in the original, including the background. Nonlinear adjustments (e.g., changes to gamma settings) must be disclosed in the figure legend. This policy is consistent with many leading peer-reviewed journals publishing biological data. For more detailed information, see the“Guidelines for Best Practices in Image Processing”from the Office of Research Integrity. [With thanks to Rockefeller Univ. Press.]

Figure Preparation: If your manuscript is accepted for publication, you will be required to provide source files prepared according to the following instructions. To publish the figures in your article with the highest quality, it is important to submit digital art that conforms to the appropriate resolution, size, color mode, and file format. Doing so will help to avoid delays in publication and maximize the quality of images.Click on this sentence to get these instructions as a PDF file with screen shots and example images.

Sizing and Preparation: Submit figures at their final publication size; do not scale figures (printed 1:1). Most figures should fit within a single column. See the table below for allowable widths. The height of all figures must be ≤ 9.375 inches / 24 cm / 56.5 picas.

All panels of a multipart figure should be provided in the same file. Identify figure panels with capital letters. If symbols are not explained on the face of the figure, only standard print characters may be used. Include figure titles in the legend and not on the figure itself. Photomicrographs and electron micrographs must be labeled with a magnification calibration in micrometers and Angstrom units. A statement concerning the magnification must appear in the figure legend.

Labeling and Font Usage:

Please use the same font for all figures in your manuscript, and use a standard font such as Arial, Helvetica, Times, Symbol, Mathematical Pi, and European Pi. Do not use varying letter type sizes within a single figure; use the same size or similar sizes throughout. The preferred font size is 8 points; the minimum font size is 6 points. Embed all fonts used in vector files. In Illustrator, either convert text to outlines or check the box that reads Embed Fonts when saving the file.

Number each figure at the bottom, outside the image area. For example:

Do not put a box around the figure.Legends may appear directly underneath figures during initial PDF submission to facilitate review, but must be provided as a separate section (as part of the text file) upon acceptance.

Two Categories of Digital Artwork:

• Raster Images (i.e., pixel-based, also called bitmapped images; TIF files support only raster data) or
• Vector Images (i.e., object-based; EPS, AI, and PDF files support both vector and raster data).

Vector images are preferred because they have the highest quality and produce the best results in publication. JPEG and GIF are not recommended formats for providing figures.

Resolution and Raster Images: Low-resolution images are one of the leading causes of art resubmission and schedule delays. Submitted rater (i.e., pixel-based) images must meet the minimum resolution requirements. Raster images can be classified as monochrome (line-art), halftone, and or combination halftone. TIFF, EPS,PDF, or PNG file formats are preferred.

• Monochrome (1-bit) images (line-art): Common examples are graphs and charts made of solid black and white, with no gray values. The suggested minimum resolution for this type of image is 1,000 ppi at publication size.
• Combination Halftones: Common examples are color or grayscale figures containing halftone and line art elements. The suggested minimum resolution for this type of image is 600 ppi at publication size.
• Hafltones: Common examples are color or grayscale figures containing pictures only, with no text or line art. The suggested minimum resolution for this type of image is 300 ppi at publication size.

Color Mode: All color image files must be submitted in their original RGB color. To ensure accurate color in publication when you work with raster images, it is best to use an application that supports ICC profiles, such as Adobe Photoshop. Whatever application you use, be sure to always embed the originating ICC profile when saving the file. This is usually the default behavior. The box to embed the ICC profile is checked by default. Just be sure to leave the box checked. If you are using a different application, please check the documentation to be sure you are properly embedding the ICC profiles.

Vector Graphics: Vector images are typically generated using drawing or illustration programs (e.g., Adobe Illustrator) and are composed of mathematically defined geometric shapes—lines, objects, and fills. Vector graphics are resolution independent and can be enlarged to any size without quality loss.

• Vector line art: Common examples are graphs and charts created in illustration programs. It is preferable to have these saved as EPS files, with all fonts embedded or converted to outlines, and graph lines at least 0.25 points thick.
• Combination line/halftone: Common examples are color or grayscale figures containing halftone and line art elements. The halftone elements should be processed in Photoshop and the line elements in Illustrator, and the two elements from the two applications should be combined in Illustrator. It is preferable to have these saved as EPS files, with all fonts embedded or converted to outlines, and graph lines at least 0.25 points thick.

Microsoft Office: Figures submitted in Word or PowerPoint are acceptable but should be avoided if possible. Excel files cannot be used. If MS Office is your only choice, please follow these general rules to ensure that the file is properly prepared:

1. Do not use pattern or textured fills in graphics. Instead, use solid fills or percentage screens: these will be effectively maintained as vector data during file conversion. Note: A 20% difference in percent screens is most effective for differentiation.
2. Artwork placed within an MS Office application should be of acceptable minimum resolution for print production: 300 ppi for halftones, 600-900 ppi for combinations, and 1,000-1,200 ppi for line art.
3. When inserting pictures/images into files, be sure to select “insert” rather than “insert link.” The latter will not properly embed the high-resolution image into the MS Office file.
4. Always embed fonts in your documents. Follow these guidelines for embedding fonts in MS Office documents:

a) From the file menu, select Save As… b) From the Tools menu, select Save Options…, then check the Embed Fonts in the file box.

Authors who do not comply with these guidelines will be asked to resubmit their figures in a print-quality format, which may delay publication.

Schemes should be placed after tables, but before figures. Appendices should be placed after tables and figures.

18. Cover Images. The image that appears on the journal's cover is taken from an article in the issue. Authors may submit for consideration by the editor a separate cover image based on their article. A composite of multiple images from the article is permissible. All submitted images must be in color. Previously published covers are in the journal’s archive of all online content.

The ideal image is wider than it is high and no larger than 6.5 inches wide by 5.5 inches high. Submissions should be of a similar width-to-height ratio. Submit the image as a .tiff or .eps file at a resolution of at least at 600 DPI.

Cover art created by a nonauthor must be submitted with a signed copyright transfer form, and an acknowledgment to the creator should be included in the legend.

Submit the cover image file through the online submission system when invited to submit a revised manuscript or source files. Authors will be notified if their cover image has been selected for the cover.

19. Supplemental Data.Materials that cannot be presented within the body of a manuscript may be published as supplemental data. These materials are subject to the same review process as the rest of the manuscript. Supplemental data must be cited in the text.

Acceptable formats for supplemental data include Adobe PDF, Microsoft AVI video, MPEG movie, QuickTime video, and PDB files. Large data sets may be submitted in other file formats as necessary. Manuscripts including pharmaco*kinetic or pharmacodynamic simulations and modeling should be accompanied by a representative model output file in Excel or another compatible format that is widely accessible. Authors are encouraged to also upload CMPX files together with the compound summary table and compound file, where applicable. Files may be compressed using the ZIP® compression utility. Multiple still images, tables, and text must be combined into a single PDF file.

Except for videos and large data sets, supplemental data must be labeled with the article's authors and title and the journal title. This is to identify the source article of the supplemental data should a reader print the file. The label should be placed at the top of the page. Data supplement pages will be neither edited nor formatted by ASPET. They should be prepared with the reader in mind. For example, legends should appear below figures instead of on separate pages. Text may be single spaced and put in columns for easier reading.

Videos should be submitted in QuickTime 3.0 or higher format and may be prepared on either a PC or Mac computer. All videos should be submitted at the desired reproduction size and length. The legend must be included as a separate file. To avoid excessive delays in downloading the files, videos must be no more than 5 MB in size and 30 to 60 seconds in length. Authors are encouraged to use QuickTime's "compress" option when preparing files to help control file size. Additionally, cropping frames and image sizes can significantly reduce file sizes. Files submitted can be looped to play more than once, provided file size does not become excessive. Authors will be notified if problems exist with videos as submitted and will be asked to modify them. No editing will be done to the videos at the editorial office. All changes are the responsibility of the author.

Minireviews

Drug Metabolism and Dispositionregularly publishes focused minireviews on important or emerging topics in the field. Commentaries intended to stimulate discussion or research will also be considered and are treated the same as minireviews. Articles of general interest to a broad readership in drug metabolism and disposition and related fields are preferred. Compilations of data and facts in a topic are acceptable, but insightful synthesis and discussion of significance of findings, conceptual advances, knowledge gaps, current challenges, and future directions are most desirable.

Both invited and author-initiated minireviews are welcome. Inquiries or suggestions for topics or authors should be directed to the Reviews Editors, Dr. Yurong Lai and Dr. Xiao-bo Zhong, atDMD@aspet.org.

Minireviews must be submitted through the journal's online manuscript system. Authors will not be assessed page charges or manuscript handling fees but will be required to pay for reprints if they wish to order them.

The organization of a minireview should follow the same layout as an original research article Organization of the Manuscript, except that the components described below under "Body of Manuscript" should replace the Materials and Methods, Results, Discussionsections of an original research article. Each section should begin on a new page, and all pages should be numbered consecutively. Please note the following special considerations for preparing the Abstract and Body of Manuscript.

Abstract: The abstract should indicate the scope of the minireview and include a summary of the major contents presented. The abstract is limited to 250 words and should be intelligible to readers without reference to the text. Reference citations are not permitted, and nonstandard abbreviations should not be included. The abstract must be a single paragraph. A separate Significance Statement is also needed (80-word maximum).

Body of Manuscript: The length of a minireview is somewhat flexible, although the Body of Manuscript should generally range from 4,000 to 6,000 words (excluding reference list) and preferably include the following contents. There is no limit to the number of references.

Introduction: Briefly describe the goal and scope of the minireview and the fundamental questions addressed.

Brief historical perspective: Provide readers with an overview of the most significant findings and developments in the field. Provide a basis for readers to understand the past, interpret the present, and project the future of research in the field under review.

Key recent advances: Provide a summary of the novel scientific concepts, principles, and biological mechanisms that have been published on the topics under review. This section may also discuss the most recent findings in technological developments and breakthroughs and how these findings may drive the field forward.

Current challenges and knowledge gaps: Discuss problems remaining in the area of investigation and how the knowledge gaps hinder further development in the field.

Perspective on future directions: Discuss future directions that should be explored to address the knowledge gaps and current challenges.

Conclusions: Authors may provide brief conclusions on the reviewed topics and/or a summary of the key concepts discussed.

General recommendations:

• The title and abstract should be attractive to a broad readership.
• Provide high level reviews.
• Present differing views where applicable.
• Cite recent reviews on related topics.
• Where possible, use graphics to illustrate new concepts or summarize advances.
• Explore links between the topics discussed and major human diseases.

Refutations

DMDwill consider for publication manuscripts that refute findings previously published in the journal. Such manuscripts should provide rigorous and thorough investigation of the topic at hand, and should independently advance our understanding of the field. Contrary evidence that does not by itself advance the field is insufficient to merit consideration as a research article but may be submitted for consideration as a Letter to the Editor.

Reagents and Materials

As a condition of publication, the authors agree to distribute freely to academic researchers for their own use any propagatable reagents and materials (e.g., DNA, antibodies, cell lines, and mouse strains) developed for the published study that are not available from commercial suppliers. Although structures of novel chemicals and their method of synthesis must be disclosed, authors should also make a good-faith effort to meet researchers’ requests for such chemicals whenever available quantities allow. Authors are required to make any noncommercial software used in the study available on request or indicate how it can be obtained.

Data Deposition

In all instances described below, sequence accession numbers must be provided in the text of the manuscript. The deposited data must have a release date no later than the date of acceptance, and no data are to be withdrawn or modified following acceptance.

Nucleic Acid and Protein Sequences:Novel nucleic acid and protein sequences must be deposited in the appropriate databases.

Structural Data and Molecular Modeling: For studies including crystallographic data, both the coordinates and structure factor amplitudes must be submitted to the Protein Data Bank, and a validation report from the Protein Data Bank must be provided with the initial submission. For studies involving theoretical/hom*ology models, file(s) in Protein Data Bank format (pdb) for all molecular models used in the manuscript need to be included as supplemental data files. The list of supplemental figure legends must include a caption for each pdb file. The caption will be used as a link to the file from the online supplemental data page. Integrity of the files should and will be checked by the ability of free viewers from (SPDBV, Rasmol) to open and manipulate the model without errors. For NMR structures, the coordinates must be deposited with RCSB and the other restraints to BioMagResBank (BMRB). Data deposited should include resonance assignments and all restraints used in structure determination (NOEs, spin-spin coupling constants, amide exchange rates, etc.) and the derived atomic coordinates for both an individual structure and for a family of acceptable structures.

High-throughput Data: For studies including functional genomics data (e.g., microarray, ChIP seq, RNA-seq,proteomics, or other high-throughput data), the data must be deposited in a MIAME-compliant database such as GEO (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo), ArrayExpress (www.ebi.ac.uk/arrayexpress) or Genomic Expression Archive (GEA) (https://www.ddbj.nig.ac.jp/gea/index-e.html). If such a database is not available, the entire data set should be uploaded as supplemental data in a commonly used file format (e.g., Excel).

Western Blotting

For studies utilizing western blotting for relative quantitation of protein levels, the method of quantitation should be clearly explained and validated. Signal intensities may be normalized to total protein loading or to "house-keeping" proteins. If the latter method is chosen, the effect of the experimental conditions on the housekeeping proteins should be reported. For blots measuring post-translational modifications, the effect on the unmodified form should also be reported. It is recognized that these guidelines may be difficult to adhere to in some special cases (e.g., clinical samples with variable protein quality), and some latitude is afforded in this respect.

Drugs

Generic drug names are used in text, tables, and figures. Trade names may be given in parentheses following the first text reference, but should not appear in titles, figures, or tables. Whereas trade names are capitalized, generic or chemical names are not.

The chemical structure and method of synthesis of new compounds must be given, or citations to the published structure and synthetic method must be provided, unless an exception is requested and granted by the editor under the following circ*mstance. The journal acknowledges that, in rare situations, researchers generate large and unique compound databases to test hypotheses about structure activity/toxicity and the relationship to drug metabolism and pharmaco*kinetics. This work may be acceptable without disclosure of all chemical structures if it is supplemented by structures or references for sufficient numbers of published compounds to allow independent validation of the results and contains physical-chemical descriptors for the undisclosed structures such that readers can assess the validity of the analysis and conclusions. To qualify for consideration, the authors must include in the submission cover letter a brief justification outlining (a) the rationale for omitting structure information, (b) merits for publishing the work without structure information, and (c) the overall impact of structure omission on the methods and conclusions.

Herbal Medicines/Natural Products

Manuscripts describing research on plant or other natural product extracts or preparations must meet the following criteria:

• Manuscripts should provide novel mechanistic or conceptual insights, or provide novel information about plant/natural product materials with clear therapeutic or toxicological significance.
• The concentration of at least one constituent with pharmacologic or toxicologic significance in the preparation must be reported. (For example, in the case of St. John’s Wort, the authors must report the amount of hyperforin in the St. John’s Wort used in their study.)
• Authors must document the reproducibility of their results among different preparations. At minimum, more than one batch from the same commercial supplier should be tested. Preparations from more than one supplier are preferable. Studies using a single source of preparation may be acceptable if the chemical composition of the preparation has been carefully characterized or the concentration(s) of the active constituent(s) is (are) known.
• In cases where preparations are derived from cultivated plants or from their natural origin, the authors must deposit voucher specimens at a regional or national herbarium, or the equivalent, and include in the manuscript a voucher number and the location of the herbarium or equivalent.
• The Latin binomial taxonomic name of the plant/natural substance should be provided.

Receptor Nomenclature

The nomenclature used to identify receptors and ion channels should conform to guidelines of the Committee on Receptor Nomenclature and Drug Classification of the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (NC-IUPHAR). These are published periodically inPharmacological Reviewsand are accessible athttps://www.guidetopharmacology.org/nomenclature.jsp.

Page Charges

NEW in 2023 - Authors who do not choose the Open Access option to submit a research article will be assessed $90 per typeset page ($50 when at least one author has been an ASPET member in good standing since the manuscript was submitted) for an accepted manuscript unless invited to submit for a special section. DMD Editorial Board members will have their page charges waived once each three-year term on the Editorial Board. Authors will receive an email with a link to pay their page charges after the final version has been published online.

Authors who submit other manuscript types, such as Minireviews, Invited Symposium Reports, and Perspectives will have their page charges and submission fees waived. Contact DMD@aspet.org.

Questions on business matters should be directed to the PublishingDirector, American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 1801Rockville Pike, Suite 210, Rockville, MD 20852-1633; telephone: (301) 634-7060; fax: (301) 634-7158; e-mail:info@aspet.org.

Revised Manuscripts

Revised manuscripts must be submitted within the designated time and must contain an itemized list of all changes made, or a rebuttal, in response to each of the reviewers' suggestions. Address the format deficiencies noted in the decision letter. Make sure figures conform to specifications (seeFigures) and the Abstract metadata box is updated, with special characters coded. Publication of accepted papers will be delayed pending correction of any outstanding deficiencies.

Letters to the Editor

Letters to the editor are typically submitted without invitation to comment on a published article. Depending on the content, they may be peer reviewed, and the authors of the article being commented upon will be invited to provide a response.

After Acceptance

Authors will receive an e-mail message with a user name and password to access their page proofs online. Complete instructions will be included with the page proofs. Authors will be billed for substantial changes to page proofs, which must be returned within 48 hours after receipt. In exceptional cases, a "Note added in proof" may be published with the Editor's approval. A link to an online reprint order form will be sent with the page proofs.

Submission Checklist

____ Letter of submission

____ Manuscript handling fee of $75.00 (waived for ASPET members

____ Running title page includes the number of text pages, tables, figures and references, and the number of words in theAbstract,Introduction,andDiscussion

____ Manuscript double spaced throughout including references, tables, and figure legends

____ References checked for accuracy