Psyllium – Health Information Library (2024)

Uses

Parts Used & Where Grown

Psyllium is native to Iran and India and is currently cultivated in these countries. The seeds are primarily used in traditional herbal medicine. Psyllium seed husks are mainly used to treat constipation.

What Are Star Ratings?

This supplement has been used in connection with the following health conditions:

Used for Why

3 Stars

Constipation

5 to 10 grams daily in water, followed by a second glass of water

Psyllium is a mild bulk-forming laxative that’s best suited for long-term use in people with constipation.

The laxatives most frequently used world-wide come from plants. Herbal laxatives are either bulk-forming or stimulating.

Bulk-forming laxatives come from plants with a high fiber and mucilage content that expand when they come in contact with water; examples include , flaxseed, and fenugreek. As the volume in the bowel increases, a reflex muscular contraction occurs, stimulating a bowel movement. These mild laxatives are best suited for long-term use in people with constipation.

Many doctors recommend taking 7.5 grams of psyllium seeds or 5 grams of psyllium husks, mixed with water or juice, one to two times per day. Some doctors use a combination of senna (18%) and psyllium (82%) for the treatment of chronic constipation. This has been shown to work effectively for people in nursing homes with chronic constipation.

3 Stars

Diverticular Disease

7 grams daily in water, followed by a second glass of water

A preliminary trial found that psyllium, a good source of fiber, was effective in relieving the symptoms associated with diverticular disease and constipation.

A preliminary trial of the herb supports the use of this type of fiber in relieving the symptoms associated with diverticular disease and constipation.

3 Stars

High Cholesterol

2 to 20 grams (about ½–4 teaspoons) per day with meals

Psyllium husk has been shown to be effective at lowering total and LDL-cholesterol levels.

husk is rich in viscous soluble fiber and is used as a supplement to lower high cholesterol levels, as well as improve digestive function. Psyllium has been shown in multiple clinical trials and meta-analyses to lower high total, LDL-, and non-HDL-cholesterol levels. One meta-analysis included data from 28 randomized controlled trials with a combined total of 1,924 participants and found psyllium, at doses ranging from about 2.4–20.4 grams per day for at least three weeks, lowered LDL- and non-HDL-cholesterol levels in both those with high and normal baseline cholesterol levels. In another meta-analysis that examined data from eight randomized controlled trials with a total of 395 subjects with type 2 diabetes, psyllium use was found to lower LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride levels. In a meta-analysis of three trials, psyllium was further found to enhance the cholesterol-lowering effects of statin drugs to a degree comparable to doubling the medication dose. Psyllium has even been found to be safe and effective for treating children and adolescents with high cholesterol levels.

3 Stars

Irritable Bowel Syndrome

3.25 grams taken three times per day

Some people with IBS may benefit from bulk-forming laxatives. Psyllium has helped regulate normal bowel activity and improved symptoms in some people with IBS.

Some people with IBS may benefit from bulk-forming laxatives. seeds (3.25 grams taken three times per day) have helped regulate normal bowel activity in some people with IBS. Psyllium has improved IBS symptoms in double-blind trials.

3 Stars

Type 2 Diabetes

5 grams (about 1 teaspoon) twice daily with meals

Supplementing with psyllium has been shown to be a safe and well-tolerated way for people with type 2 diabetes to improve control of blood glucose and cholesterol levels.

Supplementing with psyllium has been shown to be a safe and effective way to improve control of blood glucose and cholesterol. A large review and meta-analysis that included 35 randomized controlled trials found that long-term psyllium use, at a dose of 10.2 grams per day taken before meals, reduces fasting glucose an average of 37 mg/dL and HgbA1c an average of 0.97% in people with type 2 diabetes, with greater improvements seen in those with higher baseline fasting blood glucose levels.

2 Stars

Diarrhea

9 to 30 grams daily

Psyllium seed (an excellent source of fiber) makes stool more solid and can help resolve diarrhea symptoms.

While fiber from dietary or herbal sources is often useful for constipation, it may also play a role in alleviating diarrhea. For example, 9–30 grams per day of (an excellent source of fiber) makes stool more solid and can help resolve symptoms of non-infectious diarrhea. Alginic acid, one of the major constituents in bladderwrack(Fucus vesiculosus), is a type of dietary fiber and as a result may potentially help relieve diarrhea. However, human studies have not been done on how effective bladderwrack is for this condition.

2 Stars

Hemorrhoids

7 grams three times daily in water, followed by a second glass of water

Taking psyllium, an herb high in fiber, may help relieve constipation.

Constipation is believed to worsen hemorrhoid symptoms, and thus, bulk-forming fibers are often recommended for those with hemorrhoids. A double-blind trial reported that 7 grams of , an herb high in fiber, taken three times daily reduced the pain and bleeding associated with hemorrhoids. Some healthcare professionals recommend taking two tablespoons of psyllium seeds or 1 teaspoon of psyllium husks two or three times per day mixed with water or juice. It is important to maintain adequate fluid intake while using psyllium.

2 Stars

High Triglycerides

15 grams daily

Psyllium seeds and husks have shown a modest ability to lower blood triglyceride levels in some clinical trials.

seeds and husks have shown a modest ability to lower blood triglyceride levels in some, but not all, clinical trials. Further research is needed to assess the effect of psyllium on triglyceride levels more closely, as much of the study so far has focused on lowering cholesterol levels.

2 Stars

Ulcerative Colitis

Refer to label instructions

Taking psyllium may help people with ulcerative colitis maintain remission.

In a preliminary trial, people with UC remained in remission just as long when they took 20 grams of ground psyllium seeds twice daily with water as when they took the drug mesalamine. The combination of the two was slightly more effective than either alone. Controlled trials are now needed to confirm and therapeutic effect of psyllium of UC.

1 Star

Parkinson’s Disease and Constipation

3 to 5 grams taken at night with a one to two glasses of fluid

Preliminary research has shown that psyllium seed husks improve constipation and bowel function in people with Parkinson’s disease and constipation.

Doctors recommend that people with Parkinson’s disease supplement with fiber and maintain adequate fluid intake to reduce constipation associated with this disease.Preliminary research has shown that seed husks improve constipation and bowel function in people with Parkinson’s disease and constipation. A typical recommendation for psyllium seed husks is 3 to 5 grams taken at night with a one to two glasses of fluid.

Traditional Use (May Not Be Supported by Scientific Studies)

In addition to its traditional and current use for constipation, psyllium was also used topically by herbalists to treat skin irritations, including poison ivy reactions and insect bites and stings. It has also been used in traditional herbal systems of China and India to treat diarrhea, hemorrhoids, bladder problems, and high blood pressure.

How It Works

How It Works

Psyllium is a bulk-forming laxative and is high in both fiber and mucilage. Psyllium seeds contain 10–30% mucilage. The laxative properties of psyllium are due to the swelling of the husk when it comes in contact with water. This forms a gelatinous mass that keeps feces hydrated and soft, provided it is taken with sufficient water. The resulting bulk stimulates a reflex contraction of the walls of the bowel, followed by emptying.1

Psyllium is a common ingredient in over-the-counter bulk laxative products. One preliminary trial found that psyllium seeds relieved constipation when it was due to lifestyle factors (e.g., inadequate fiber, sedentary lifestyle), but not when an actual disease was the cause.2 Numerous double-blind trials have found that supplementation with psyllium can lower total cholesterol and LDL (“bad”) cholesterol.3 However, levels of HDL (“good”) cholesterol are not affected by psyllium supplementation.4 The cholesterol-lowering effect of psyllium has been reported in children,5 as well as in adults.6 Psyllium supplementation has also improved blood sugar levels in some people with diabetes.7, 8, 9 The soluble fiber component of psyllium is believed to account for this effect.

In a double-blind trial, people with ulcerative colitis had a reduction in symptoms such as bleeding and remained in remission longer when they took 20 grams of ground psyllium seeds twice daily with water compared to the use of the medication mesalamine alone.10 Also, the combination of the two was slightly more effective than either alone.

How to Use It

The suggested intake of psyllium husks to treat constipation is 1 teaspoon (approximately 5 grams) three times per day. Alternatively, some references suggest taking 2–6 teaspoons (10–30 grams) of the whole seeds per day—typically taken in three even amounts throughout the day.11 This is stirred into a large glass of water or juice and drunk immediately before it thickens.12 It is best to follow label instructions on over-the-counter psyllium products for constipation. It is important to maintain a high water intake when using psyllium.

Interactions

Interactions with Medicines

Certain medicines interact with this supplement.

What Are Drug Interactions

Types of interactions: Beneficial Adverse Check

Replenish Depleted Nutrients

  • none

Reduce Side Effects

  • Orlistat

    In a group of obese women taking orlistat three times per day, ingestion of 6 grams of psyllium with each dose of orlistat significantly reduced the gastrointestinal side effects of the drug.

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Support Medicine

  • Atorvastatin

    In one study, supplementation with 15 grams of psyllium per day for eight weeks enhanced the cholesterol-lowering effect of simvastatin.

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  • Fluvastatin

    Learn More

  • Lovastatin

    In one study, the addition of psyllium (10 grams per day) enhanced the cholesterol-lowering effect of lovastatin

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  • Mesalamine

    Taking 20 grams of psyllium seeds together with mesalamine for 12 months was more effective at maintaining remission of ulcerative colitis than taking either the drug or herb alone. People taking mesalamine should consult with their healthcare practitioner to determine whether they should add psyllium seeds to their treat regimen.

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  • Pravastatin

    In one study, the addition of psyllium (10 grams per day) enhanced the cholesterol-lowering effect of lovastatin.

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  • Rosuvastatin

    In one study, the addition of psyllium (10 grams per day) enhanced the cholesterol-lowering effect of lovastatin.

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  • Simvastatin

    In one study, supplementation with 15 grams of psyllium per day for eight weeks enhanced the cholesterol-lowering effect of simvastatin.

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Reduces Effectiveness

  • Lithium

    Addition of psyllium (Plantago ovata) husk two times per day to the regimen of a woman treated with lithium was associated with decreased lithium blood levels and lithium levels increased after psyllium was stopped.

    Learn More

Potential Negative Interaction

  • none

Explanation Required

  • none

The Drug-Nutrient Interactions table may not include every possible interaction. Taking medicines with meals, on an empty stomach, or with alcohol may influence their effects. For details, refer to the manufacturers’ package information as these are not covered in this table. If you take medications, always discuss the potential risks and benefits of adding a supplement with your doctor or pharmacist.

Side Effects

Side Effects

Using psyllium in recommended amounts is generally safe. People with chronic constipation should seek the advice of a healthcare professional. Some people with irritable bowel syndrome feel worse when taking psyllium and may do better with soluble fiber, such as in fruit. People with an obstruction of the bowel or people with diabetes who have difficulty regulating their blood sugar should not use psyllium.13 Side effects, such as allergic skin and respiratory reactions to psyllium dust, have largely been limited to people working in factories manufacturing psyllium products.

Related Information

Psyllium – Health Information Library (1)

  1. Fiber in the Diet
  2. All About Fiber

References

1. Leung AY, Foster S. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics, 2d ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1996, 427-9.

2. Voderholzer WA, Schatke W, Mühldorfer BE, et al. Clinical response to dietary fiber treatment of chronic constipation. Am J Gastroenterol 1997;92:95-8.

3. Anderson JW, Allgood LD, Turner J, et al. Effects of psyllium on glucose and serum lipid response in men with type 2 diabetes and hypercholesterolemia. Am J Clin Nutr 1999;70:466-73.

4. Olson BH, Anderson SM, Becker MP, et al. Psyllium-enriched cereals lower blood total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol, but not HDL cholesterol, in hypercholesterolemic adults: Results of a meta-analysis. J Nutr 1997;127:1973-80.

5. Davidson MH, Dugan LD, Burns JH, et al. A psyllium-enriched cereal for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia in children: A controlled, double-blind, crossover study. Am J Clin Nutr 1996;63:96-102.

6. Anderson JW, Davidson MH, Blonde L, et al. Long-term cholesterol-lowering effects as an adjunct to diet therapy in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;71:1433-8.

7. Florholmen J, Arvidsson-Lenner R, Jorde R, Burhol PG. The effect of Metamucil on postprandial blood glucose and plasma gastric inhibitory peptide in insulin-dependent diabetics. Acta Med Scand 1982;212:237-9.

8. Rodriguez-Moran M, Guerrero-Romero F, Lazcano-Burciaga G. Lipid- and glucose-lowering efficacy of plantago psyllium in type II diabetes. J Diabetes Complications 1998;12:273-8.

9. Anderson JW, Allgood LD, Turner J, et al. Effects of psyllium on glucose and serum lipid response in men with type 2 diabetes and hypercholesterolemia. Am J Clin Nutr 1999;70:466-73.

10. Fernandez-Banares F, Hinojosa J, Sanchez-Lombrana JL, et al. Randomized clinical trial of Plantago ovata seeds (dietary fiber) as compared with mesalamine in maintaining remission in ulcerative colitis. Am J Gastroenterol 1999;94:427-33.

11. Blumenthal M, Busse WR, Goldberg A, et al. (eds). The Complete Commission E Monographs: Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines. Boston, MA: Integrative Medicine Communications, 1998, 190-2.

12. Foster S. Herbs for Your Health. Loveland, CO: Interweave Press, 1996, 74-5.

13. Blumenthal M, Busse WR, Goldberg A, et al. (eds). The Complete Commission E Monographs: Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines. Boston, MA: Integrative Medicine Communications, 1998, 190-2.

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How It Works »

Last Review: 05-24-2015

Psyllium – Health Information Library (2)

Copyright © 2024 TraceGains, Inc. All rights reserved.

Learn more about TraceGains, the company.

The information presented by TraceGains is for informational purposes only. It is based on scientific studies (human, animal, or in vitro), clinical experience, or traditional usage as cited in each article. The results reported may not necessarily occur in all individuals. For many of the conditions discussed, treatment with prescription or over the counter medication is also available. Consult your doctor, practitioner, and/or pharmacist for any health problem and before using any supplements or before making any changes in prescribed medications. Information expires December 2024.

Topic Contents

  • Uses
  • How It Works
  • Interactions
  • Side Effects
  • Related Information
  • References

PeaceHealth endeavors to provide comprehensive health care information, however some topics in this database describe services and procedures not offered by our providers or within our facilities because they do not comply with, nor are they condoned by, the ethics policies of our organization.

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Psyllium – Health Information Library (2024)

FAQs

Do doctors recommend psyllium? ›

Your doctor may recommend psyllium to help soften stool and reduce the pain associated with hemorrhoids. Although studies are not entirely conclusive, adding fiber to your diet, particularly psyllium, may help lower blood pressure.

Is 1 teaspoon of psyllium husk enough? ›

The suggested intake of psyllium husks to treat constipation is 1 teaspoon (approximately 5 grams) three times per day. Alternatively, some references suggest taking 2–6 teaspoons (10–30 grams) of the whole seeds per day—typically taken in three even amounts throughout the day.

Why you should be careful with psyllium husk fiber supplement? ›

Since psyllium creates intestinal bulk and has laxative effects, this substance may pose adverse side effects. You may be especially prone to side effects if you're new to psyllium or if you take more than the recommended amount per day. Some of the possible side effects include: abdominal pain and cramps.

Can too much psyllium cause problems? ›

Overdose of psyllium, particularly in the absence of drinking sufficient quantities of fluids, can worsen constipation and lead to intestinal obstruction. If bowel movement doesn't occur after imbibing adequate water, seek medical help.

Is it OK to take psyllium fiber everyday? ›

Taking fiber supplements every day seems to be safe. Popular fiber supplements include inulin, psyllium (Metamucil, Konsyl, others) and methylcellulose (Citrucel). Fiber is good for the body. It helps the bowel work well and prevents constipation.

What is better than psyllium? ›

When compared to psyllium husk, flaxseed had a better mix of soluble and insoluble fiber. Flaxseed contains more insoluble fiber, whereas psyllium husk contains more soluble fiber.

Is Metamucil or psyllium husk better? ›

Metamucil has an average rating of 6.8 out of 10 from a total of 71 ratings on Drugs.com. 59% of reviewers reported a positive effect, while 30% reported a negative effect. Psyllium has an average rating of 7.1 out of 10 from a total of 89 ratings on Drugs.com.

What to avoid when taking psyllium? ›

If you are being treated with any of the following medications, you should not use psyllium supplements without first talking to your health care provider.
  • Antidepressant medications, Tricyclics. ...
  • Carbemazepine (Tegretol) ...
  • Cholesterol-lowering medications (bile acid sequestrants) ...
  • Diabetes medications. ...
  • Digoxin. ...
  • Lithium.
Oct 19, 2015

What is the poor man's Ozempic? ›

Psyllium Husk Is Being Called the 'Poor Man's Ozempic'—Can It Really Help You Lose Weight? By.

Why can't I poop after taking psyllium husk? ›

Psyllium can worsen the constipation if not taken appropriately. It is important to instruct patients who are receiving psyllium ingredients to drink a good amount of fluids to avoid the development of bowel obstruction especially in long-term use of such laxatives.

Who cannot take psyllium? ›

Before taking psyllium,

tell your doctor if you have or have ever had diabetes mellitus, heart disease, high blood pressure, kidney disease, rectal bleeding, intestinal blockage, or difficulty swallowing. tell your doctor if you are pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding.

How long can you safely take psyllium? ›

Psyllium usually produces a bowel movement within 12 to 72 hours. Do not take psyllium for longer than 7 days in a row without a doctor's advice. Using a laxative too often or for too long may cause severe medical problems with your intestines. Call your doctor if your symptoms do not improve, or if they get worse.

Is psyllium bad for gut? ›

6 health benefits of psyllium

Psyllium is also a prebiotic that helps the growth of probiotics in the gut, promoting good digestion. Prevents diarrhea and constipation: Psyllium soaks up excess water in the digestive tract, adding bulk to stool.

What is a good substitute for psyllium husk? ›

If you don't have any psyllium husk fiber powder or don't like using it, try replacing it with: Chia seeds or flax seeds. For a recipe that calls for a 1/3 cup of psyllium husk fiber powder, a 1/3 cup of ground chia seeds or ground flax seeds will work.

Is psyllium inflammatory? ›

Fiber supplement especially psyllium decreases inflammation in the gut. Epidemiological studies have shown that psyllium supplementation decreases CRP levels in IBS patients.

Is psyllium husk safe yes or no? ›

Research shows psyllium husk works well without any major side effects. Diarrhea relief. It helps bind loose stools. And if you have IBS, research shows that psyllium husk can help reduce inflammation in the gut.

What is a healthy alternative to psyllium husk? ›

If you don't have any psyllium husk fiber powder or don't like using it, try replacing it with: Chia seeds or flax seeds. For a recipe that calls for a 1/3 cup of psyllium husk fiber powder, a 1/3 cup of ground chia seeds or ground flax seeds will work.

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